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The nonlinearities of power amplifiers in massive MIMO arrays introduce unwanted spectral regrowth, which is typically avoided via digital predistortion at each amplifier. However, as the number of base station antennas scales up, so does the computational burden of per-antenna linearization. This work introduces a neural-network virtual digital predistortion (vDPD) scheme that operates before the linear precoder for OFDM-based massive MU-MIMO systems. By applying predistortion before the precoder, complexity scales primarily with the number of users. We can achieve comparable linearization along the user beams by training our neural network based on the memory polynomial, predistortion-per-antenna approach. We verify our algorithm through an exhaustive simulator that includes high-order amplifier nonlinearities, memory effects, and variance across the amplifier models. 

We propose a mechanism for unlicensed LTE channel selection that not only takes into account interference to and from Wi-Fi access points but also considers other LTE operators in the unlicensed band. By collecting channel utilization statistics and sharing this information periodically with other unlicensed LTE eNBs, each eNB can improve their channel selection given their limited knowledge of the full topology. While comparing our algorithm to existing solutions, we find that the similarity between sensed Wi-Fi occupation at neighboring eNBs greatly impacts the performance of channel selection algorithms. To achieve better performance across diverse scenarios, we expand on our statistical channel selection formulation to include reinforcement learning, thereby balancing the shared contextual information with historical performance. We simulate operation in the unlicensed band using our channel selection algorithm and show how Wi-Fi load and inter-cell interference estimation can jointly be used to select transmission channels for all small cells in the network. Our approaches lead to an increase in user-perceived throughput and spectral efficiency across the entire band when compared to the greedy channel selection. 

We demonstrate digital predistortion (DPD) using a novel, neural-network (NN) method to combat the nonlinearities in power amplifiers (PAs), which limit the power efficiency of mobile devices, increase the error vector magnitude, and cause inadequate spectral containment. DPD is commonly done with polynomial-based methods that use an indirect-learning architecture (ILA) which can be computationally intensive, especially for mobile devices, and overly sensitive to noise. Our approach using NNs avoids the problems associated with ILAs by first training a NN to model the PA then training a predistorter by backpropagating through the PA NN model. The NN DPD effectively learns the unique PA distortions, which may not easily fit a polynomial-based model, and hence may offer a favorable tradeoff between computation overhead and DPD performance. We demonstrate the performance of our NN method using two different power amplifier systems and investigate the complexity tradeoffs. 

Digital predistortion is the process of using digital signal processing to correct nonlinearities caused by the analog RF front-end of a wireless transmitter. These nonlinearities contribute to adjacent channel leakage, degrade the error vector magnitude of transmitted signals, and often force the transmitter to reduce its transmission power into a more linear but less power-efficient region of the device. Most predistortion techniques are based on polynomial models with an indirect learning architecture which have been shown to be overly sensitive to noise. In this work, we use neural network based predistortion with a novel neural network training method that avoids the indirect learning architecture and that shows significant improvements in both the adjacent channel leakage ratio and error vector magnitude. Moreover, we show that, by using a neural network based predistorter, we are able to achieve a 42% reduction in latency and 9.6% increase in throughput on an FPGA accelerator with 15% fewer multiplications per sample when compared to a similarly performing memory-polynomial implementation. 

Massive multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) provides high spectral efficiency by means of spatial multiplexing and fine-grained beamforming. However, conventional base-station (BS) architectures for systems with hundreds of antennas that rely on centralized baseband processing inevitably suffer from (i) excessive interconnect data rates between radio-frequency circuitry and processing fabrics, and (ii) prohibitive complexity at the centralized baseband processor. Recently, decentralized baseband processing (DBP) architectures and algorithms have been proposed, which mitigate the interconnect bandwidth and complexity bottlenecks. This paper systematically explores the design trade-offs between error-rate performance, computational complexity, and data transfer latency of DBP architectures under different system configurations and channel conditions. Considering architecture, algorithm, and numerical precision aspects, we provide practical guidelines to select the DBP architecture and algorithm that are able to realize the full benefits of massive MU-MIMO in the uplink and downlink.